The cosmic optical background is an important observable that constrains energy production in stars and more exotic physical processes in the universe, and provides a crucial cosmological benchmark ...

When gathering a measurement using a spectroscopy instrument, the user wants to be confident in the result. Whether the technique is OES, XRF, or LIBS, or if thickness or composition are measured, the ...

Given the potentially strong, adverse effects of measurement error and the possibility of minimizing these using Hidden Markov models (HMMs), the aim of this thesis ...

Test instruments such as oscilloscopes and DMMs (digital multimeters) often let you get the measurement results you need with just the press of a button. But the number on a meter's display or the ...

In order to measure the mechanical properties of materials in compression, tension, bending or torsion, a universal testing machine is utilized. This article outlines the two different types ...