Gaussian processes offer a versatile framework to model and analyse continuous random phenomena, making them particularly useful in quantifying the probability of ruin in financial and insurance ...

For a large motor insurance portfolio, on an open environment, we study the impact of experience rating in finite and continuous time ruin probabilities. We consider a model for calculating ruin ...

Ruin probability quantifies the risk that an insurer or financial institution’s liabilities may exceed its assets, ultimately leading to insolvency. Recent advancements in risk management have ...