Literature survey of phase locked loop reflects that many researchers have applied different techniques like digital and analog simulation by applying mathematical/logical relations to design the ...

Radiation-hardened phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits represent a critical advancement in safeguarding electronic systems against the deleterious effects of ionising radiation. These circuits are ...

A comparator is an electronic component that outputs different voltage results at the output by comparing the magnitude of the current or voltage at the two inputs. This article describes the ...

One of the most challenging tasks in analog circuit design is to adapt a functional block to ever new CMOS process technology. For digital circuits the number of gates per square mm approx. doubles ...