While dinosaurs roamed the Earth, flying reptiles called pterosaurs ruled the skies above. These included the largest animals to ever take flight, and a new study has uncovered some of the biological ...

The lonely fossil of a 2.5-year-old early human ancestor has revealed for the first time that the spines of ancient hominins were a lot like ours — and a lot not. New research, published today (May 22 ...

What Is the Cervical Spine? Where Is the Cervical Spine Located? A long, flexible column extending through most of your upper body, the spinal column consists of seven bones called vertebrae. The ...

Q: What can living animals tell us about the behavior of extinct animals that we otherwise only know from fossils? A: When you look at the fossil record, all you have really is a pile of bones. It's a ...

Block vertebrae is when two or more vertebrae are fused. It’s present from birth and can cause pain and reduced range of motion. Treatment may include medications, physical therapy, or surgery. Your ...

Spine surgery is a broad field encompassing various procedures that help address different spinal conditions. There are various types of spine surgery, including artificial disk replacement and spinal ...

This article was published in Scientific American’s former blog network and reflects the views of the author, not necessarily those of Scientific American Here’s something I’ve come back to on a few ...

The mosasaur was the apex predator of the seas when dinosaurs roamed land. Geologists working in Mississippi recently stumbled upon an incredible find: the fossil of an ancient marine apex predator.

Common types of spine surgery include laminectomy, vertebroplasty, and spinal fusion. Certain procedures are better suited for certain types of damage. There are many types of spine surgery, but most ...