Secondary hyperparathyroidism commonly develops in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in response to high phosphate, low calcium and low 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (calcitriol) levels. High ...
Vitamin D deficiency is a general health problem affecting individuals at all stages of life and on different continents. The musculoskeletal effects of vitamin D are well known. Its deficiency causes ...
The metabolites of vitamins A and D, retinoic acid and 1,25(OH) 2 VD 3, respectively, bind to nuclear receptors and exert potent and specific immunomodulatory effects. 1,25(OH) 2 VD 3 also inhibits ...