The total area under the curve must equal 1, representing the fact that the probability of some outcome occurring within the entire range is certain. \[\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f\left(x\right)dx=1\] ...

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A discrete random variable is a type of random variable that can take on a countable set of distinct values. Common examples include the number of children in a family, the outcome of rolling a die, ...

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Abstract: The law of large numbers in probability theory states that the average of random variables converges to its expected value in some sense under some conditions. Sometimes, random factors and ...

摘要: The original Bell inequality was obtained in a statistical derivation assuming three mutually cross-correlated random variables (four in the later version). Given that observations destroy the ...

Abstract: The impact of voltage sags on equipment is usually described by equipment failure probability, and it is in general very difficult to assess and predict because of uncertainties with both ...